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Gas Patio Heater Regulator If you're planning to warm inside the cold winter air with a propane patio heater, you need to know how to properly make use of this device. Matthew Griffith, chief of the prevention section at the Montreal Fire Department, suggests that customers be looking for products that have safety certifications. It's also crucial to make sure that there are there aren't any combustible materials in the vicinity and that the patio heater is correctly connected. Pressure Regulator Gas regulators are simple mechanical appliances we use in our cars and homes every day without giving them a second thought. Their invention, made 135 years ago has revolutionized how natural gas and propane is used for cooking, heating and welding with oxyfuel. The basic purpose of regulators is the same, however there are numerous variations. The regulator uses a pressure sensing element typically a fabric-reinforced diaphragm, to control the position of the valve plug and restrict the flow of gas. The diaphragm is linked to the stem of the valve by rods that go down through the set spring, through the diaphragm and into the valve. This mechanism detects gas pressure in the house or pipeline and adjusts the position of the valve plug to match the demand. As the gas consumption in the home decreases as does the pressure between regulator and house. The diaphragm expands downwards and the valve plug moves closer to the orifice in order to stop the flow. As the demand for gas in the house increases, the valve opens further, increasing the flow of gas. The valve plug is shut until the demand of the house decreases. The valve then opens to increase the flow. This process, also known as sizing, is the fundamental operation of the regulator. As the valve opens it creates pressure up in the main chamber of the regulator, which is attached to the hose outlet port by a venturi tube (see the image). The pressure is controlled by adjusting a screw or handle located on the exterior of the regulator. When the screw is rotated counterclockwise, it increases the pressure. When it is turned clockwise it decreases the pressure. When choosing gas patio heater small be aware that the maximum and minimal nominal pressures are set by commercial standards, and not the pressure at the supply line. The regulator must also be compatible with the hose you use. Look for a hose labeled whistle-free. It should feature alternating rings that are different sizes. This will prevent resonant noises from building throughout the length. Thermocouple Thermocouples work on the principle that different metals in contact with each other at their ends can produce an electric current, even when they are at very varying temperatures. They are used to determine the temperature differences between two points in a system and convert this data into an electrical signal that can then be read by thermocouple meter or another instrument. Thermocouples are superior to other sensors, such as thermostors. They can measure extremely high temperatures and function in harsh environments. A pair of different metals are connected to one end of the sensor, forming the measuring (aka hot) junction, while the other end is kept at a constant temperature, known as the reference (aka cold) junction. Thermocouples are passive devices, meaning they don't require power to operate. The voltage generated is proportional to the difference in temperature between the measuring and reference junctions. Thermocouple manufacturers and metrology standard organizations such as NIST provide tables of reference for the function E (T) Displaystyle scriptstyle e(T) for each type of thermocouple. There are three kinds of thermocouple connections: exposed, grounded and welding. The exposed type of junction is a bit higher than the protective sheath and has the fastest response. For measurements in corrosive conditions the thermocouple must be grounded. be utilized. A welded-wire thermocouple is physically isolated from the sheath with mgO powder. This prevents gas or moisture from entering and causing errors. The thermocouple welded wire also has the added benefit of being more resistant to vibration. It is recommended to use it in abrasive environments with pressures of up to 3000 psi. If a thermocouple is damaged, it's usually caused due to a lack of polarity. If the sheath isn't properly polarized, the two ends of the thermocouple have unequal voltages at the junction of measurement which could result in an inaccurate reading and even damage the instrument. A sensor that's not properly calibrated or installed could cause a malfunctioning thermocouple. Thermostat In contrast to electric heaters that need to be hardwired into the wall gas patio heaters are portable and use natural gas or propane cylinders as fuel. Thermostats regulate the flow energy into these cylinders to ensure that they do not overflow, but they still provide warmth when required. The thermostat is able to detect the temperature of the air that passes through it. The thermostat also can tell whether the room is at a temperature that is comfortable and turns off the heating. The most commonly used type of thermostat is one that is digital. It utilizes a microcontroller in order to convert a fluctuating electrical resistivity into an indication of temperature. It can do this more accurately than earlier mercury switch thermostats that utilized mercury coils with three wires that would move depending on the temperature. This allowed it to tilt a mercury switch that was connected to the electrical circuit of a heater or air conditioning unit, and turn it on or off. Another type of thermostat is one that is mechanical. The thermostat opens when the wax contained in the small cylinder begins to melt, which is approximately 180 degrees F. (Different thermostats have different opening temperatures). A rod that connects to the valve presses into the wax, and opens the valve when it's hot. As the room cools down the wax shrinks and the rod is pushed into the cylinder, closing the valve. There are thermostats that can be programmed to change at different times of the day. This lets you conserve energy by setting your heating to go on and off when you are at work or sleeping, rather than having it on constantly. You can also set your thermostat to turn on sooner to ensure that you arrive home to an appropriate temperature. Thermostats usually come with a feature known as a heat anticipator, which will stop the heater from coming on too early. This is because some parts of the house reach the desired temperature prior to the thermostat. Pilot Light While many modern heating and homes have eliminated pilot lights, older homes and furnaces still use these devices to light the gas in the chamber for burning. It is important to know how to safely relight the pilot light if it ever goes out. A pilot light creates small flames that warm the thermocouple. This produces electricity and keeps the gas valve open. When the pilot flame stops, the thermocouple cools down and ceases to produce electricity, thereby closing the valve. Pilot lights are utilized on most propane and natural gas appliances, including water heaters. To relight a pilot light, you must first shut off the gas on the appliance. Then, you have to take out any doors or panels that could be blocking getting to the pilot light. Locate the pilot light tube, and follow the instructions on the back of the appliance for opening it. After you've relit the pilot, turn the gas valve knob back to “on”. Safety is the main reason to keep a pilot light lit. If it's accidentally shut off the gas constantly venting out of the pilot light tube may accumulate in your home until a spark from a spark from a cigarette lighter or static electricity ignites it, causing an explosion. Pilot tubes are designed to have a built-in cutoff valve that can stop this from happening. Aside from the safety concerns that a burning pilot light also wastes an enormous amount of energy. A pilot light burns between $7 and $18 worth of gas each month, according to various studies. The wasted fuel creates a greater burden on the air conditioner in summer. A pilot light may draw spiders, which can spin webs and clog the pilot tubes. Also, a constant flame can emit trace amounts of the compound mercaptan, which produces the rotten egg smell found in natural gas. If you're worried about these issues, you should consider buying a remote controlled gas fire or replacing your old fireplace with a modern efficient and efficient model.